South Coast
Elenite
Elenite is a resort village on the Black Sea coast, 10 km north of Sunny Beach and 40 km from Bourgas. It is situated on the southern slope of the Stara Planina mountain range, which protects the resort from the northern winds, thus ensuring a mild and warm microclimate.
Before the construction started in 1985, the area was untouched by man, and in the forests at the foot of the eastern part of the Stara Planina mountain range, there were many deer, hence the name of the resort – Elenite. Until 1993, the Elenite complex, built by Finnish specialists, was a closed club. Thanks to strong investments in 2003, the resort was actively reconstructed and today offers holidaymakers a quiet holiday for the whole family.
Due to the fact that the Stara Planina mountain covers Elenite from the north, the village is reliably protected from cold winds, and the huge amount of greenery, conifers and cacti provides cleaner air and gives the much needed coolness in the hot season.
The resort pleases not only with its natural riches, but also with its modern, developed infrastructure. There is a large beach more than 1 km long, where surfing and other water sports equipment is available for hire.
For the younger guests of Elenite resort, the children’s corner “Aladdin” has been built – a reduced copy of the Sultan’s palace from the fairy tales of Scheherazade. A group of animators works here every day. Each day of entertainment is different from the previous one – it is a Chinese holiday, the day of pirates of the Caribbean Sea, the day of red-skinned Indians. Elenite also has an aqua park
Among the resorts of Bulgaria Elenite takes a worthy place: it has everything necessary for a full-fledged holiday in Bulgaria: a romantic beach, clean sea, restaurants with European and national cuisine, taverns, wine cellar, day and night bars, swimming pools with sea water, tennis courts, yacht club.
Saint Vlas
Saint Vlas is a town located on the Black Sea coast near Sunny Beach. Saint Vlas occupies the northern part of the Bay of Nessebar and is located 10 km from the center of Nessebar.
The unique combination of sea and mountains gives this resort an exceptionally favorable climate. It is untouched by northern winds, so fog is a rare phenomenon and the number of sunny days is 240-260 per year. Warm weather and cool breezes are typical for summer and early autumn.
The natural sea breeze combined with crystal clear air create conditions for sea balneotherapy and have a positive effect on patients with bronchial asthma and other lung diseases. The favorable climate is suitable for treatment all year round.
Saint Vlas is a famous international tourist center. Every year tourists from all over the world visit this resort and take with them unforgettable memories of a pleasant holiday in Bulgaria.
The whole coast of Saint Vlas is a natural Riviera. The beaches are wide, clean, covered with fine golden sand. The coast is divided into three separate beaches. The largest is the central beach, which is about 1000 metres long and about 16 meters wide.
Saint Vlas is one of the fastest growing and picturesque resorts on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Situated far away from large administrative center, today Saint Vlas is a popular holiday destination for both young people and families with children. There are plenty of opportunities to spend your free time here – water sports, sailing, sea and mountain walks, cycling, hiking routes
Holidays in Saint Vlas allow you to enjoy all the advantages of the new infrastructure without the inevitable noise and crowding of the big resorts. Bus connections are well established and it is easy to combine a tour to Saint Vlas with a visit to Nessebar and Sunny Beach.
Sunny Beach
Sunny Beach is the largest international resort in Bulgaria. Sunny Beach is the Pearl of Bulgaria, a resort where a holiday atmosphere reigns and life is painted with all the colors of the rainbow. The golden beach spit, the bay open to the east, the sand dunes are located 35 km from Burgas and about 100 kilometers from Varna airport.
The calm sea, the light sea breeze, the clean air of Sunny Beach enchant forever.
In the northern part of the resort Sunny Beach closes the last elevations of the Stara Planina mountain massif, which creates a magnificent harmony of the combination of sea and mountains. In its southern part is the ancient town of Nessebar, an architectural and historical monument of Bulgarian and world culture, situated on a peninsula. Nowadays Nessebar is under the aegis of UNESCO and is included in the list of world cultural heritage. Only eleven of the 42 Byzantine churches on this tiny peninsula have survived (two of which date back to the end of the 4th and beginning of the 5th centuries).
Sunny Beach is located on the shore of the bay, in the form of a semicircle facing East. The beach of the Sunny Beach resort stretches for almost 9 kilometres and is covered with the purest fine sand, in some places forming picturesque dunes. Sunny Beach has been awarded the authoritative international Blue Flag symbol for the cleanliness of the beach and the sea.
Sunny Beach is a great place for holidays with children. A calm shallow bay with a gentle bottom is complemented by several swimming pools for children, fenced areas with swings, slides and other play structures, fun games and competitions with prizes, children’s discos, sports schools. The beach with fine golden sand is 30 to 60 meters wide.
The climate on Sunny Beach is close to the Mediterranean. In the summer season there are about 1700 hours of sunshine from May to October. The average summer air temperature is around +28Β°C and the average water temperature is +24Β°C. The unique combination of perennial broad-leaved and coniferous vegetation and warm sea water is a prerequisite for the resort guests to spend their holidays in a healthy environment.
The waters of the Black Sea are ideal for swimming and diving, there are no dangerous fish and animals, nor tides. Sunny Beach is also a medical and health resort that offers its guests a variety of treatment, beauty and health programs.
Nessebar
The resort town of Nessebar is situated on a rocky peninsula 850 m long and 300 m wide, 37 km north of the town of Bourgas, 2 km from the resort of Sunny Beach.
Nessebar consists of two parts – the “old” (included in the List of World Cultural and Natural Heritage under the protection of UNESCO), an exceptionally beautiful place that has preserved the history of the Thracians, ancient Greeks and Romans, and the “new”, located on the mainland.
The greatest wealth of Nessebar are numerous churches, medieval architectural monuments: the old metropolis in the early Byzantine style (IV-V centuries), the church of St. Stephen (new metropolis) with valuable frescoes of the XII century, the churches of Christ Pantokrator and John Aliturgetos (XIII-XIV centuries) – with rich architectural decoration of white stone blocks, red bricks and multicolored glazed ceramics.
Nessebar – as a holiday destination, allows you to combine the sea and the beach with the opportunities offered by city life – museums, architecture, service, communications.
New Nessebar is ideally adapted for a comfortable and quiet holiday. Most of the modern houses and hotels adjacent to the Sunny Beach resort are located here. In both parts of the town there are many cafes and restaurants, bars and discos.
Pomorie
Pomorie is a resort located on a peninsula extending five kilometers into the sea. The peninsula is 18 kilometers northeast of Bourgas and 408 kilometers east of Sofia.
The ancient name of the town is Anhialo and it originated in the 5th century BC as an ancient Greek colony. In 1934 the name of the town was changed to Pomorie.
Pomorie has been known since ancient times for its therapeutic mud (liman), mineral water, iron sand. After the unique therapeutic qualities of mud were proved, the first mud cure center was built here in 1902. Diseases of the musculoskeletal apparatus, sciatica, rheumatism, sciatica, lumbago, hernia, etc. are treated.
Nowadays Pomorie is a national sea balneological center.
From the land Pomorie is surrounded by salt lakes, in many of which sea salt is extracted. From the north, part of the sea is cut off from the peninsula by a long spit, forming Lake Pomorie. Pomorie Lake has a continuation on the peninsula itself – the Small Salt Lake. Just between these two lakes are the famous Pomorie sanatoriums.
Due to its convenient location, flat terrain, the availability of inexpensive private accommodation for the summer and the shallow, clean sea, Pomorie is ideal for families with small children.
It is the sunniest place on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. The air temperature in summer is 25-33 degrees Celsius and the water temperature is 24-30 degrees Celsius. In 1999 the resort was awarded the Blue Flag.
Since 2004 Pomorie has been hosting the annual International Orthodox Music Festival, which brings together choir groups from Bulgaria, Russia, Serbia, Georgia and other countries.
The town is also famous for the Black Sea Gold wine and brandy factory located on the outskirts of the town.
Architecture and art lovers will be interested in the churches of Transfiguration of Christ (XVII-XIX centuries with valuable iconostasis and icons) and Assumption of the Virgin Mary (XIX century), as well as the Pomorie Monastery of St. George the Victorious with the preserved stone relief of St. George.
ΠΡΡΠ³Π°Ρ
Burgas is located in Eastern Bulgaria and is the largest city on the southern Black Sea coast and the fourth most populous city in the country after Sofia, Plovdiv and Varna.
Burgas was originally the site of the Roman settlement of Kulata, later the town of Deultum. In the Middle Ages a small fortress Pirgos was built here and only in the XVI century Bourgas received its present name. In the Turkish register of 1676 on military supplies for the Turkish army the name of the settlement is recorded as the town of Burgas, and since 1730 it has been listed as the port of Burgas.
The beach strip in the Burgas area reaches 100 meters, and there are a large number of fresh and salt water lakes in its vicinity. The three largest lakes are lagoons formed due to the low position of the coast. These are the Atanasovsko, Burgas and Madren lakes. Their sediments are used in mud and balneological centers.
The central beach is located under the sea garden and can be reached by a beautiful and branched staircase covered with greenery. The sand has a lot of magnetite impurities, so it is dark. There is also the North Beach, near the Izgrev neighborhood, near the saltworks.
There are many restaurants, bars, pizzerias, national institutions in Burgas, where you can enjoy the wonderful atmosphere, hospitality and taste a variety of Bulgarian and European cuisine.
One of the most famous attractions of Burgas is the Marine Park, which stretches for 7 kilometers along the sea. The park is decorated with many modern sculptures and monuments. There is a Summer Open Theatre with a capacity of about 2500 people. During the summer season, various theatrical productions can be seen in the theatre. There are also festivals, modern and folk music evenings.
The City History Museum has a collection of old photographs with views of the old beach and architecture of the city. The Ethnographic Museum has a curious collection of masks, costumes characteristic of the region and everyday objects.
The Art Gallery of Burgas, founded in 1945, has an interesting collection of works by foreign and Bulgarian painters, as well as icons from the Bulgarian National Revival.
Also in Burgas you can visit the Church of St Cyril and Methodius and a small Armenian church. Both buildings date back to the 19th century. The Church of St Cyril and Methodius is famous for its beautiful paintings and altar.
Β
ΠΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅?
Sozopol
The town of Sozopol is a small harbor town located 33 km south of Bourgas.
It is one of the oldest Greek settlements on the shores of the Black Sea. Once there was an ancient Greek colony here, known as “Apollonia Pontica”, which was named in honour of Apollo, the patron saint of seafarers. Today’s town is a scattering of garden houses from the end of the last century.
Sozopol is divided into two parts: the old town, located on the peninsula, and the new town (it is called Harmanit, because of the abundance of mills – “Harmans”, of which only one has survived to this day). The old and new parts of the town are separated by a green park with churches.
The old part of the city is an architectural reserve. For many decades the narrow and steep streets of Sozopol, its old wooden houses with bay windows have attracted artists and writers.
Not far from Sozopol there is an archaeological museum, where you can see perhaps the richest collection of Greek vases. The Church of the Holy Virgin and the local art gallery are also worthy of a visit.
To the south of Sozopol are some of the most beautiful Black Sea beaches with fine golden sand, some of which are completely deserted in summer.
Not far from Sozopol there are several unique nature reserves, such as the Ropotamo and Liliite National Park, located in the delta of the Ropotamo River. It is home to many different species of fish and birds, and there is no better place for a leisurely stroll under the shade of weeping willows.
The caves of Maslen Cape in the lower reaches of the river, where it flows into the sea, are famous for the frequent sightings of dolphins and seals. The Snake Island Nature Reserve is also interesting, where you can see not only many reptiles, but also various species of wild cacti.
Ravda
Ravda is located 3 km south of the town of Nessebar. From Nessebar to Ravda you can walk along the beach.
Ravda is known first of all as a youth and children’s resort with a rich sport base. Surfing, swimming, rowing, water skiing – only a small part of all the entertainment you will find here.
On the outskirts of Ravda there are gourds and vineyards; here you can buy fresh watermelons and melons, various vegetables and fruits directly from the producer.
Ravda this season is one of the most promising places for large investments in the hotel business, as it is the closest point after Nessebar to the Sunny Beach resort; there is an active construction of expensive hotels and restaurants. During the holiday season, surfing, diving and windsurfing courses are available for holidaymakers. A large water park with various water slides and attractions has recently been built.
You can dine in Ravda resort in one of the restaurants, “mekhanas” or beer restaurants, which offer their visitors to taste wonderful Bulgarian and international cuisine. There is a very large choice of fish and seafood dishes. If you prefer to cook on your own, you will not have any problems with groceries in Ravda: there are many shops, a food market and a small supermarket in the village. You can buy groceries at very low prices in the villages around the resort. In the central part of the village there is a polyclinic, fitness centre, library, post office.
In the evenings there are 3 discos, the most famous of which is the Varvari Disco. Those who want additional impressions and entertainment can go to Nessebar (1 km) or Sunny Beach (4 km). There you will find everything that is missing in Ravda: from large supermarkets to nightclubs and variety shows.
ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π½
ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ – ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ³Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΡΡ Π² 70 ΠΊΠΌ ΠΎΡ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° Π³. ΠΡΡΠ³Π°Ρ.
ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π» ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ XX Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ. Π‘ 1962Π³. ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ.
ΠΡΠ³ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π² ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ Π°. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π»Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ +25 Π‘ Π΄ΠΎ +33 Π‘, Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ β ΠΎΡ +22 Π‘ Π΄ΠΎ +28 Π‘. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°.
ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π½Π° Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎ Π²Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΠ²Ρ, ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΉΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅, Π° ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ΅, ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ.
ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, Π΄ΡΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π³Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π°, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΆΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ , ΠΊΡΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅.
ΠΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ Π½Π΅ Π΄Π°Π΄ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ, Π° Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π² ΠΡΠ½Π°-ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅.
Π ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³Π°ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ – ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π³Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉ, Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±Π°ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Ρ-ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ΅ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ, ΡΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡ.
ΠΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π΅?
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎ
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎ β ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³Ρ Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΎΡΡ, Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² 55 ΠΊΠΌ ΠΊ ΡΠ³Ρ ΠΎΡ ΠΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΠ°, 15 ΠΊΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ Π³. Π¦Π°ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΡΠΏΡΠΈΡ, Π² Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π‘ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΆΠ°.
Π‘ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΆΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ .
ΠΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΡ Π»Π΅Ρ Π² Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΆΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΡ.
Π‘ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎ, Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΆΠ° Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 8 ΠΊΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π°, Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅. ΠΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°: Π²ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ, Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΉ Π·Π°Π» Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ, Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΄, ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Ρ-ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ. Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΉΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°.
Π ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎ, Π² ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ – ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π² ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅, Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡ Ρ ΠΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 70 000 ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°.
ΠΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ: ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ° Π ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ, Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΡΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ ΠΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°, ΠΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ², Π’ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³Π° Ρ ΠΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ² ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎ – ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ±Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎ?
ΠΠΎΠ·Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ
ΠΠΎΠ·Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ β ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π² ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ»Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π² 60 ΠΊΠΌ ΠΎΡ ΠΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² 30 ΠΊΠΌ ΠΎΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ Ρ Π’ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ.
ΠΠΎΠ·Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² 1924 Π³. ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π° ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΡ ΠΠΌΠ±Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ – ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°, Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΠΎΠ·Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ.
ΠΠΎΠ·Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π³ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π° Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΌΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π‘ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΆΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π΄ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ Π²Π·ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΠΎΠ·Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π±Π΅Π·Π»ΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ – ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠΈΠ·Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ Π»Π°Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ , Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΡΡ.
Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΠΎΠ·Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ.Π΄. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡ, Ρ ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ·ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
Π ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΡΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ.
ΠΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΠΎΠ·Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅?
Π¦Π°ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ
Π¦Π°ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π² Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΠ²Π΅ Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΡΡ, Π² 65 ΠΊΠΌ ΠΊ ΡΠ³Ρ ΠΎΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΡΡΠ³Π°Ρ.
Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ Π¦Π°ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ± ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»Π³Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠ·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ Π²Π²Π΅Π»Π° ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ .
ΠΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π¦Π°ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π½Π° Π΄Π²ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ (ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ) ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈ Π»Π°Π·ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°. Π 1967 Π³. Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π¦Π°ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠΊΠ·ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠΈΠ½Π³Π° β ΠΠΎΠ»Π³Π°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΊΠ°.
Π£Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΡ, Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠ·ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ, Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΆΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° – ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡ ΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠ±Π°Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ.
Π¦Π°ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ – Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΉ Π² Π³. ΠΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ Π‘Π². Π£ΡΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π² Π³. Π¦Π°ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎ, Π‘Π². Π‘Π². ΠΠΈΡΠΈΠ»Π» ΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ Π² Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π‘Π². ΠΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠΎΠ½ Π² Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ, ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ.
ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ – Π‘ΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ – ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ Π ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ-ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°.
